It is this (i)___ characteristic, Dahl argues, that makes polyarchy the nearest possible approximationto the democraticideal. Polyarchy achieves this diffusion of power through party (ii)___ and the operation of pressure groups. Competing for votes, parties seek to offer different sections of the ;theydo not ask whatthe(iii)___thinksofan issue, but what policy commitments will sway the electoral decisions of particulargroups.

1.  Centrifugal

2.  Competition

3.  Majority

Explanation:

This is an excerpt from a political science-oriented book written by Robert A. Dahl.

It is this CENTRIFUGAL characteristic, Dahl argues, that makes polyarchy the nearest possible approximation to the democratic ideal. Polyarchy achieves this diffusion of power through party COMPETITION  and the operation of pressure groups. Competing for votes, parties seek to offer different sections of the electorate what they most want; they do do not ask what the MAJORITY thinks of an issue, but what policy commitments will sway the electoral decisions of particular groups.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

50% i think

explanation: