Jamel was hired as a cook, but all he is regularly asked to do is take out the trash. Jamel's stress level can probably be explained by.

ambiguity in role

Explanation:

In simple words, Role uncertainty is a concept used to describe the lack of consistency, reliability and/or predictability that would have been predicted with respect to work actions (due, maybe, to either a poorly explained or vague job requirement and/or unclear organisational strategic goals).

Uncertainty will have several adverse effects. Indeed, multiple research have demonstrated that the function of confusion is linked to the symptoms of impaired psychological and physically health. For instance, the role of uncertainty is correlated with psychological distress, exhaustion, fatigue, as well as physical illness.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

the answer to your question is,

old stone age.

-mabel < 3