In ancient Greece, Cleisthenes advanced the cause of democracy more than any of his predecessors. Cleisthenes changed the basis of representation from family groups to territorial areas, and he gave full rights to all free men. Ten committees were given the rights to declare war, collect money, and check the authority of those in power. By secret vote, the people could shut off from society anyone who neglected his duty or seemed to be taking too much power. The ancient Romans believed that the common people should have a voice in the government. The people were entitled to elect representatives to govern themselves. The head of state was called the consul. The Romans required two men to hold the office of consul at the same time to keep any one person from getting too much power. The Romans also established a code of law called the Twelve Tables. The tables were the first step toward a government that granted rights to the citizens. Which of the following statements applies to both passages? The development of governments is a recent development in human history. Problems that are not addressed by a government will cause the government to collapse. As societies increased in complexity, the complexity of governments also increased. The need for governments to manage people's activities has diminished since ancient times.

Aplaintiff filed a civil action based on negligence against a defendant in federal district court, alleging that the defendant negligently ran a red light at an intersection and collided with the plaintiff's vehicle, causing the plaintiff's injuries. a week after the close of discovery, the plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment on the issue of whether the defendant was negligent. with the motion, the plaintiff filed (i) his own sworn affidavit, which stated that the traffic signal was green as he entered the intersection, (ii) an affidavit of a witness who was driving the car behind him, which stated that the witness saw the entire incident and that the plaintiff's traffic signal was green as he approached and entered the intersection; and (iii) an affidavit of another witness, which stated that she saw the entire incident and that the defendant's signal had been red for several seconds before the defendant entered the intersection and was still red when the defendant entered the intersection. the defendant filed a response to the motion, noting that her answer denied negligence and further denied that her traffic signal was red, and argued that the issue of negligence and the issue of whether her traffic signal was red were in dispute, so those issues should be tried to a jury. how should the court rule on the plaintiff's motion?