(1) Believing students learn best by listening, observing quietly, and obeying; and (2) believing they learn best through questioning, risk-taking, and hands-on activities; are two opposing examples of: Educations
Human capital
Pedagogies
Apprenticeships

I think that the most acceptable answer is the C)Pedagogies

Explanation:

The reason being is because, education just  is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction which is not relevant to the question asked as is human capital which is the skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country which has nothing to do with the comparison of the opposing examples, and all that apprenticeship is just the position in a company. I hope this helps !

the telephone is the answer