Norman Triplett studied the effect of others on individual action, by observing people while they were

working or competing with other people doing the same task.

Explanation:

Norman Triplett was one of the famous psychologists at "Indiana University", and he has conducted a famous experiment on the "social facilitation effect".

Social facilitation: The term "social facilitation" is described as the propensity of an individual to perform better when he or she is being watched or when he or she is competing with someone else while doing the same task.

The given statement in the question above represents the concept of social facilitation.

answer; fulfilling a goal of the president's council of physical fitness and sports;

answer; necessity-driven;