If latitude is horizontal then what is longitude

Five methods of nomination used today include: select all that apply convention caucus direct primary inheritance promotion petition announcement

Mankiw attributes – chapter 1 and his 10 principles – differences in living standards within a countryover time and across countries at a moment in time to: a. the presence or absence of inflation and unemployment.b. the allocation of resources between private markets and the public sector.c. those that have dealt successfully with the efficiency v. equality tradeoff and those that haven’t.d. differences in productivity.e. ones that think at the margin and respond to incentives and those that don’t.

Which discovery has forced scholars to revise their estimation of the quantity and quality of jewish art?