Why does Simmel think that urban individuals are by necessity more calculative and rational as opposed to rural individuals who Simmel sees as more sentimental?

Because living in Urban Areas tend to promote individuality.

Explanation:

According to Georg Simmel, the lifestyle that exist in Urban Area tend to force the people who live there to be more independent and individualistic. Things such as competition in the work place, having to pay expensive bills,  and very little time to socialize contributed to this situation. In order to survive in this environment, people tend to develop a calculative and rational approach before they make every actions.

Individuals who live in rural area do not experience similar problem. They tend to be older, work less, and have more time to get to know their neighbors. This is why on average they tend to be more sentimental compared to the people who live in Urban area.

answer; /// i do believe that the correct answer is (d) cooperative play; /// good luck

answer; silence;