How do public officials use public opinion polls? to prevent their political opponents from attacking their voting records

to calm or sooth citizens who are upset about their positions or decisions

to learn what citizens think about issues and to help guide their decisions

to publish their positions on issues and keep the public informed

to learn what citizens think about issues and to help guide their decisions

Explanation:

Public officials was chosen in order to represent their Voters' interest within the government. If they wanted to keep their position, they need to do what the voters' want to increase their chance from being re-elected.

In order to know this, Public Officials often used Public Opinion Polls. In this poll, the citizens will be ask a set of question regarding various types of issues along with what they think would be the ideal solution to address these issues. By gathering this data, the public officials could determine which type of legislations that would be popular among the voters.

by using  production possibilities graph.  opportunity costs are key expenses in financial matters and are utilized as a part of registering money saving advantage investigation of a venture. such expenses, be that as it may, are not recorded in the record books but rather are perceived in basic leadership by processing the money costs and their subsequent benefit or misfortune.