The ideas expressed above in the excerpts from the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution dealt most directly with what issue?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Unfortunately, you did not include the ideas or the excerpt of the Articles of Confederation you refer to.

However, trying to help we can comment on the following

The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution dealt most directly with the creation of a form of government for the United States. The problem with the Articles of Confederation was that it left a weak central government. Congress could not collect money. When it needed some, it had to ask for it from the states, which remained sovereign.

That is why, years later,  the delegates of the states met at the Constitutional Convention in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in May 1787. They met to create a new Constitution for the United States.