1) What causes the planetary winds and ocean currents to be deflected to the right in the
Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the
Southern Hemisphere?

:)

Explanation: Because the Earth rotates on its axis, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect. Coastal currents are affected by local winds.

d - failures.

the only attempted british colony in north america before 1600 was roanoke, virginia, which was a total failure. england claimed several areas, including newfoundland, but made no sustainable attempts to colonize them before 1600.