1. By the early twenty-first century, how were the majority of national borders in Africa determined? A) by traditional precolonial national borders

B) by historic property rights of African tribes

C) by natural features such as rivers and deserts

D) by former colonial claims of European countries
im a silly bean

C)

Explanation: The Europeans set boundaries by geography or sometimes merely by drawing a straight line on a map. Natural features particularly rivers and lakes often become the borders of European colonies

d. i assume the underlined word is "role." reformat if it isn't.

explanation:

role is closest to part because when replacing words, "playing a vital decision," "playing a vital activity," and "playing a vital dollar" don't make logical sense. the only meaningful choice is "playing a vital part."

this fits one of merriam-webster's definitions of role: "a function or part performed especially in a particular operation or process."

where is the passage