During the Panics of 1819 and 1837, all of the following occurred, except a. The Indians taught the settlers how to irrigate their lands. b. Western land speculation quickly grew out of control. c. Overspending and crop failure became a common problem. d. Loans were not backed by gold.

The Indians taught the settlers how to irrigate their lands

Explanation:

The Panic of 1819 was a period of financial crisis that was witnessed in the United States and this led to the fall of the economy. The reason for this was due to market adjustment globally after the wars which led to speculation in public lands.

During this period, there was overspending and crop failure and the loans were not backed by gold as well.

Based on the above explanation, the answer to the question is "The Indians taught the settlers how to irrigate their lands"