Think about factors of production; how does the government stimulate production? What are some of the steps that governments (like in the USA) can take to stimulate both consumer participation and entrepreneurship in the marketplace?

The factors of production are labor, capital, and land.

The government can stimulate production by implementing expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. Expansionary fiscal policy consists in increasing government spending and/or lowering taxes. Expansionary monetary policy consists in lowering interest rates to stimulate investment, by increasing the money supply in the economy.

The US government often employs expansionary fiscal and monetary policy to boost the economy in times of when activity is lagging. It also implements other policies like promoting research, helping foster relations between the public sector, the academic sector, and the private sector in other to boost innovation, and granting cheap credits to entrepreneurs who have original ideas to test in the marketplace.

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.