Malcom X Bibliography do not use wikipedia

This article is about the person. For other uses, see Malcolm X (disambiguation).

"Malcolm Little" and "Malik Shabazz" redirect here. For other uses, see Malcolm Little (disambiguation) and Malik Shabazz (disambiguation).

Malcolm X

Malcolm X in March 1964

Malcolm X in March 1964

BornMalcolm Little

May 19, 1925

Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.

DiedFebruary 21, 1965 (aged 39)

New York City, U.S.

Cause of deathAssassination (gunshot wounds)

Resting placeFerncliff Cemetery

Other namesel-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (Arabic: ٱلْحَاجّ مَالِك ٱلشَّبَازّ‎, romanized: al-Ḥājj Mālik ash-Shabāzz)

OccupationMinister, activist

Organization  

Nation of IslamMuslim Mosque, Inc.Organization of Afro-American Unity

Movement  

Black nationalismPan-Africanism

Spouse(s)Betty Shabazz ​(m. 1958)​

Children6 (including Attallah, Qubilah, and Ilyasah)

RelativesLouise Helen Norton Little (mother)

Malcolm Shabazz (grandson)[1]

Signature

Malcolm X Signature.svg

Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his time spent as a vocal spokesman for the Nation of Islam.

Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with relatives after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He engaged in several illicit activities, eventually being sentenced to 10 years in prison in 1946 for larceny and breaking and entering. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, adopted the name Malcolm X (to symbolize his unknown African ancestral surname), and quickly became one of the organization's most influential leaders after being paroled in 1952. Malcolm X then served as the public face of the organization for a dozen years, where he advocated for black empowerment, the separation of black and white Americans, and publicly criticized the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and racial integration. Malcolm X also expressed pride in some of the Nation's social welfare achievements, namely its free drug rehabilitation program. Throughout his life beginning in the 1950s, Malcolm X endured surveillance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for the Nation's supposed links to communism

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