How were the crusades' viewed

Urban saw the Campaign as a journey, the point of which was not to overcome however to visit the spot of journey and afterward get back. Later popes kept up the comprehension of the Campaigns as, guarded battles with the objective of the recuperation of invaded Christian areas.

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the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.