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This can be one

Explanation:

One way is that the leaders of each country can affiliate with each other, whether this be something as a meeting or simply letters sent to one another. Another is through trade.

countries such as spain, france and portugal colonized the region. although most of latin america was colonized by spain, the countries of portugal and france also had major influences on the region. due to war and disease, native populations were decimated.

  b.

there are isolated pockets of farming, generally around rivers and oases, which are used for irrigation.