What effect did alfred thayer mahan's beliefs have on american foreign policy? a) his beliefs caused powerful opposition by a rising anti-imperialist movement in the united states
b) his beliefs led immediately to the annexation of hawaii and other pacific islands as defensive bases
c) his beliefs led to the launching of a shipbuilding program that raised america's rank as a naval power
d) his beliefs forced the united states to compete with european powers for control over asian outposts