How does the supremacy clause affect us judges?

a)the supremacy clause states that judges can amend state laws.
b)the supremacy clause states that no judge can contradict federal laws.
c)the supremacy clause states that judges can amend federal laws.
d)the supremacy clause states that no judge can contradict state laws.

Newspaper started by john campbell:

Awaiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when: the investigator has no convenient place to store signed consent forms separate from the research datathe only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.potential subjects might find some of the research questions embarrassing, personal, or intrusivethe subjects are literate in their own language; however, they do not read, write, or speak english

What does a most-favored-nation (mfn) status mean? a country pays the same tariffs as those paid by all mfn countries. a country has a special exemption from all tariffs in the united states. a country has special licensing agreements with u.s. corporations. a country is exempt from product standards that make it expensive for goods to be imported.