Mention any two features of Industrial society​

As the basic form of modern society, the term ‘industrial society’ covers both CAPITALIST SOCIETIES, since both exhibit the following common features: factory-based production, a declining proportion of the population employed in agriculture, the separation of the household from production, increases in the level of production and improvements in productivity, urbanization, improvements in consumption and social welfare, the provision of mass education and the achievement of widespread literacy Among other more disputed general features of industrial societies usually included are the tendency for extended family and kinship relationships to decline as the basis of social organization (see FAMILY, KINSHIP), and for religion to be undermined by SECULARIZATION. 2 a disputed model of modern society proposed as an alternative model to either capitalist society’ or ‘socialist society’. In this, more restricted sense of the term, a number of more specific propositions are advanced about modern society:

that industrialization rather than capitalism or socialism is the decisive factor shaping modern society;

that, rather than CLASS CONFLICTS of the dichotomous Marxian kind, CLASS and STATUS divisions occur which simply reflect divisions within the occupational structure of all industrial societies. Whilst these divisions result in a plurality of class and status conflicts (including SECTORAL CLEAVAGES), they occur in a manner which does not routinely undermine the basic effectiveness or continuity of these societies (see also CLASS STRATIFICATION, DAHRENDORF). (c) that there are clear signs of an ultimate CONVERGENCE between capitalist and socialist societies (including domination by a TECHNOSTRUCTURE of managers and technical experts – see also MANAGERIAL REVOLUTION) so that these societies will in the end emerge as neither classically capitalist nor conventionally socialist in social and economic form.

first, the romans stayed isolated because they had to defend their own territories from neighboring cities that were harassing them, like the etruscans. second, once the romans managed to defeat their neighbors, and started to expand their territory, they started to build roads and bridges. finally, now that the romans have covered their territory with roads functioning as highways, they could mobilize their legions faster to assemble larger military units in a specific place

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.