"Next, I add the equivalent of a teaspoon of spice," explained the
chef.
The prefix equi- means "equal," and
the root vale means "worth." What
does the word equivalent mean in
the sentence?
A half portion
B cost
A.
B.
C.
с
same measure
D
double the amount
D.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

If you have any old friends with you stick with them as long as they don’t force you into anything you don’t want to do. don’t fall into peer pressure and study

It is ( halo effect)

The answer is polygyny