When a judge, prior to sentencing, reviews information on the background of a convicted defendant, it is called?

Which of these was not a key difference between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention? wanting to protect states’ interests vs. a government with strict rules having more, larger cities vs. having fewer, smaller cities wanting to protect agriculture vs. protect industries having many enslaved people vs. using less enslaved labor

Karin bought illegal firearms at a gun show. at her trial, she alleged that she had committed this crime because her boyfriend had threatened to harm her and her two daughters if she did not. her lawyer asked the judge to instruct the jury that the prosecution had an obligation to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that karin had acted freely. instead, the judge told the jury that karin had the burden of proving duress by a preponderance of the evidence. who is correct?

Which three sentences in the story indicate that that the passage is an ex nihilo type of creation story?