Which of the following statements best explains why affirmative action is so controversial?
a. affirmative action is designed to limit the economic and social mobility of minorities
b. affirmative action may result in discrimination now to make up for past discrimination
c. affirmative action requires race and gender to be the sole deciding factors
d. affirmative action increases taxes for the majority population

Mike and his wife, amanda, are arguing about his in-laws. mike doesn’t want them to visit because they fight all the time when they come to the house and he is worried about the effect that their fighting is having on mike and amanda’s children. amanda finally yells out: “what about our fighting? ” mike replies, “well, that’s different. we fight because we’re having a disagreement, they fight because they hate each other! ” this is an example of