Cases heard by appellate courts are decided by who?

"A panel of judges", is the right answer.

Explanation:

Appellate courts are the courts that are a section of the legal structure. It is in charge of understanding and evaluating requirements from constitutional predicaments that have just been apprehended in a preceding level or any lower court. When there is a legitimate ground, one of the parties concerned has the right to appeal the ruling made by the initial court. At this time, the matter goes to an appellate court to decide whether the rule was implemented properly in the lower court. Accordingly, the cases heard by appellate courts are decided by "a panel of judges.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)