How did nacionalist of the early 1800s threaten the borders set up by european monarchs

I think a lot of empires included several nationalities. In the 1800s, national groups who shared a common heritage set out to win their own states. Nationalism gave people with a common heritage a sense of identity and the goal of creating their own homeland. 

Hamlet's fourth soliloquy is probably his most famous one - "to be or not to be."it is rather different from his previous soliloquies because now he is contemplating something that didn't come up before - suicide. he is thinking whether it is worth it to fight to find his father's murderer when in the end all of them are going to die, so why not die sooner than later. he is contemplating if he should go on fighting or just kill himself and end it all, which is why this soliloquy in particular is rather depressing, hesitant, and gives a deeper insight into hamlet's madness.