Which civilization developed in this part of the world during the classical era?

The correct answer is A. The Roman  Empire

Explanation:

In history, the classical era refers to the period between the 8th century BC and the 6th century AD in which different classical civilizations and empires  develop around the world, this included the Hand Dynasty that developed in China; the Kingdom of Axum that developed in Northern Ethiopia Africa; the Mauryan Empire that developed in India, Asia, and the Roman Empire that began in Italy but extended to other areas including the North of Africa and different regions in Europe.

In the map presented, the zone marked in red includes the south of Europe and the North of Africa and therefore this zone shows the places in which the Roman Empire developed from 27BC to 476AD including territories in Europe (Modern Italy, Greece, France, Spain, etc) and territories in North Africa (Modern Egypt, Lybia, and Tunisia). Thus, the civilization that developed in the area of the map was the Roman Empire.