Which established trading posts in southeast asia?

Explanation:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, European traced trade routes and trading posts  in several regions, like Dutch and England. In the 14th centuries was Portugal expanding their Empire trough Africa (that's why Portugal is not the answer).

The reason of theses trade routes was spice trade. Back then, spices were an important deal in economies.

the correct answer on edgen is:

(c.) prevent the spread of communism.

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i want to say death; parole, probation, and fines are still being used all the time.