When there is a shortage, producers raise the price of the good so that demand will be lowered.

If the statement above asks if it is true or false, the answer would be true. It is because when there is a presence of shortage, they will put a high price, in order for the demand, in which those consumers who could afford it and want it, bought it, making the demand lower for the ones who could only take the product that had set in a high price would be the consumers who could afford them. It could also be called a marketing technique in order for the producers to sell their product.

Icannot see any engraving so i cant answer 12.massacre means wholesale slaughter and thats what happend when they the boston citizens

Ibelieve its c not quite sure.