The fact that most books for parents of teenagers tend to focus on the problems instead of normative development is concerning because:

a. the stereotypes are usually based on facts.

b. the more parents believe in the stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers become.

c. most parents have no idea what to expect when their children reach adolescence.

d. the more parents believe that they are going to have a difficult time with their adolescent, the less likely that the parents will create a self-fulfilling prophecy.