The norms, values, beliefs, and mores we pass to our children and those that we would all follow if we lived in a "perfect world" are referred to as

The answer that the description above is being referred to culture. It is because different people living in different places or countries have their own culture in which shapes them as they grow for it shapes not only their well being but their beliefs, values and norms as they grow old for their culture is being inherited from the place that they came from and from the generations that pass it.

The correct answer is "  it was believed that the dispute emerged in 632 just after the death of the prophet muhammad."