Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. this research alone demonstrates that

The correct answer to this question is:

This research alone demonstrates that “there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer".

The word “more likely” implies that there is only a relationship linking smoking and lung cancer. It is not conclusive that smoking alone causes lung cancer since people who do not smoke  also contracts lung cancer. Therefore it is only “relationship” and not “causational” .

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.

answer; genetics;