Aspeaker says, "jackson says he believes that there is intelligent life on some other planet in the universe, but how can you believe him? he's not an astronomer; in fact, he is not a scientist at all. the only degree he has is a masters in business administration." this speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

When a speaker says, "Jackson says he believes that there is intelligent life on some other planet in the universe, but how can you believe him? He's not an astronomer; in fact he is not a scientist at all. The only degree he has is a Masters in Business Administration.", then he is guilty of using which Ad hominem.

To add, Ad hominem short for argumentum ad hominem, is in which an argument is rebutted by attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument.

the united states constitution is the supreme law of the united states. the constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral congress; the executive, consisting of the president; and the judicial, consisting of the supreme court and other federal courts. articles four, five and six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. article seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen states to ratify it. it is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.

it teaches readers about an interesting chinese custom and causes them to determine that the minister is trying to be polite