Diana kept failing her exams even though she found that she knew all the correct answers when she went back and checked to see what she missed. her teacher suggested that she needs to slow down and read each choice before she makes a selection. diana started to do much better on her exams. her ability to resist writing down the first answer she thought of is what your text refers to as

The answer is response inhibition or also known as inhibitory control. This is a trademark of control. It is a mental process that allows an individual to constrain their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral reactions to stimuli. In other terms, this concept refers to the suppression of no longer needed or inapt actions which supports flexible and goal-directed behavior in ever-changing environments. 

this is a pretty broad question and can be a pretty lengthy answer. since 1900, women have gained a lot more rights and have become active in the workforce. with women being in the workforce, men play a larger role in family life. many family tasks are shared between men and women, whereas, women used to be the sole family caretakers.

that should get you started at least.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’