Please help me with these questions from my sociology class

Because global warming is occurring and there’s no ice for the polar bears to live on.

Apolitical machine ~ apex 

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.