"By the end of the Clinton administration it was clear that U. S. foreign policy had no overarching framework as it did during the Cold War. Rather, each of the two immediate post-Cold War presidents, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton, was unsure how to address the emergence of ethnic conflicts and civil wars and the humanitarian and human rights crises that accompany them. The result was the emergence of policies that were inconsistent and often opaque "From the start of the Cold War, American presidents based U. S. foreign policy on fighting that war with the hope of 'winning!... The Cold War provided a framework and clear guidelines for foreign and military policy. In the post-Cold War period, U. S. foreign policy has been guided largely by the need to respond to the most pressing crisis or conflict." Joyce P. Kaufman, political scientist, A Concise History of U. S. Foreign Policy, published in 2006 Using the excerpt answer (a), (b), and (C).

(a) Briefly describe ONE argument made in the excerpt.

(b) Briefly explain ONE cause of the historical development discussed in the excerpt.

(c) Briefly explain ONE limitation of Kaufman's argument made in the excerpt.​

answer: musical connotation

leonard b. meyer (1918-2007) was an american composer, author and philosopher. his work emotion and meaning in music is perhaps the first major treatise on music. it is a philosophical and psychological work, greatly influenced by koffka (one of the major proponents of gestalt psychology). his work deals with the problem of musical meaning and musical communication.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

answer; posthypnotic;

answer; coal reserves in the u.s are far greater than petroleum reserves;