This is authoritarian and dictatorial power and total control over their
people.
Fascism
Socialism
Marxism
Nationalism

I believe its fascism

Explanation:

The definition of Fascism is "Fascism (/ˈfæʃɪzəm/) is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and of the economy which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe." which I think makes the most sense (totally just using my intuition so this might be wrong)

answer: there were new carvings etched into the back of the sculpture and each shoulder was turned into a symbol of the birdman.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.