When evaluating risks of harm, IRBs must determine that: Subjects derive individual benefit from study participation. Long-range effects of applying knowledge gained have been considered. Important knowledge must be expected to result from the research. Risks are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.

Risks are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.

Explanation:

This is an Administrative body that is required by the federal government to protect the rights and welfare of individuals who are recruited to be participants in research/experiment. The purpose of the IRB is to  solely to protect the rights and welfare of individuals who serve as participants of research that is being conducted by researchers. and to ensure that  institutional compliance with the ethical considerations as contained in the Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46).

Assessment of risk and benefits in IRB

The nature, width or scope of risks and benefits must be assessed in a systematic manner

Types of Research conducted that is reviewed by IRB

IRB  do consists of  individuals with diverse backgrounds and at least 1 scientist, 1 non-scientist academic, and one person who is not affiliated with the college or university.

the first part is ocean

explanation:

i want to say death; parole, probation, and fines are still being used all the time.