A clinical psychologist is studying the association between education level and smoking. She collects a measure of smoking frequency from a group of participants with a high school or lower education, and she collects the same measure from a group of college graduates. Because the two measurements are obtained from different samples or people, she uses an independent-samples t test to analyze the data. The difference in the number of cigarettes smoked was 3 points, and the t test gave a probability value of .01 (1%). Which of the following interpretations is correct regarding the probability value? Select one:
a. A difference of 3 points has a 1% probability of occurring due to random chance
b. If there is truly no difference in the population, a difference of 3 cigarettes or more would occur in 1% of all random samples from such a population
c. If there is truly a difference in the population, a difference of 3 cigarettes or more would occur in 1% of all random samples from such a population
d. There is a 1% probability that the null hypothesis is true in the population

What challenges did nigeria faced after it gained its independence from britain

Amanda reiss was injured at a wedding reception at a private home. amanda tripped over a piece of rebar that was sticking from the end of one portion of a sidewalk leading to the front door. amanda's lawyer believes that the homeowners were aware of the rebar problem and that other guests to the home had tripped over it but not been injured. how can amanda's lawyer get the information about the homeowner's knowledge? a. he cannot because they are not required to talk with amanda's lawyers b. he can depose the homeowners c. he can depose others who have been guests d. both b and c

Middle schoolhistory 5+3 pts 1. the pacific islands formed by coral reefs are called (1 point) a. volcanic. b. reefs. c. atolls. d. plates. 2. what is a reason few people have settled in the interior of australia? (1 point) a.no mineral wealth is in the area. b.land is too expensive. c.the area is too dangerous. d.the area has little water and arable land. 3. what was one effect of plate movement on the pacific region? (1 point) a.australia and new zealand became b.connected to north america. c.plate movement isolated many species. few volcanoes formed. d.the regional climate grew much colder. 4. you live on a small island in the pacific ocean. though beautiful, your island has poor soil for farming and few natural resources. you most likely live (1 point) a.on a densely populated island. b.on the south island of new zealand. c.in new guinea on a volcanic island off the coast of australia. d.on a low island. 5. which change would most likely have to take place first to encourage more human settlement in the outback? (1 point) a.the climate would need to get warmer. b.the winters would need to be milder. c.the region would need more fertile land and water d.people would need to build more cities there. 6. what would be an example of how the maori are reclaiming their culture? (1 point) a.learning english b.playing rugby and other sports c.studying maori culture in schools d.learning how to cook asian cuisine 7. what conclusion can correctly be made about british colonization of this area? (1 point) a.the british policies embraced the cultures of the original inhabitants. b.the british disregarded the cultures of the original inhabitants. c.the british had a neutral policy toward native cultures. d.none of the above plz answer these