Anything that hampers any stage of the communication process refers to

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options attached we can answer the following.

Anything that hampers any stage of the communication process refers to "noise."

If we take teh Harold Laswell model of Communication as a reference, we can observe how there is a Communicator of "Who" that transmits a message or "Says what" throughout a channel or medium. The message gets to the receiver with a specific effect. To complete the model, there is some feedback from the receiver so the communicator confirms his message was correctly received. In between each of these components of the model, can be "noise" that can interfere with the clarity of the message.

That is why the communicator should transmit the message with clarity, precision, in time, and be specific.

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.

answer; /// the above statement is (false);