According to Deanna Kuhn, young children attain largely cognitive levels, whereas older children and adolescents approach cognitive levels that they obtain.

universal

may or may not

Explanation:

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.