If an action is considered ethical in one society or culture but unethical in another how do you determine if the action is ethical or unethical

Moral reasoning is the process by which we can attempt to determine whether an action is ethical or unethical.

Explanation:

There are two fundamental perspectives on this matter.

Ethical Relativism considers that absolute moral truths don´t exist; instead, truths are relative to their cultural context. This means that there are no right or wrongs if something that one society considers ethical is also considered unethical by another culture because moral values are relative to each society.

On the other hand, Kant's Categorical Imperative, which requires knowing the intention behind the action as well as its possible consequences, does state that universal moral guidelines can be produced. However, in reality, this approach leaves cultural context out of consideration.  

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the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)