A school district is comparing two reading programs for high school students who are reading below grade level. Two schools with very similar student bodies are used to test the programs, with a different program being used at each school. Identify the threat to internal validity described in each scenario that might occur in this study.

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. you never cheated on any exam. however, this semester your best friend was desperate for your , and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort? a. job detachment b. cognitive dissonance c. emotional labor d. emotional dissonance e. affective detachment