What conditions and factors led to growth of independent medieval cities?

Explanation:

The center of trade in medieval cities started in Flanders. The conditions during those times started with the development of crafts and production of clothing and raw goods. The commercial revolution started when they traded with other cities and countries. They also learned to know and explore the right routes to have the trade in Europe. Fairs were also held to showcase their products. The live development rose the towns and increased their population.

Artisans emerged as specialists in different fields. These lead to the creation of merchant guilds which created more jobs through apprenticeship and to become a master.

the answer is:

it led to riots and destruction of jewish shops, homes, and synagogues.

it turned german citizens against jews.

i'd have to with d.

explanation: