Dante used a public scale for an experiment in his sociology class to examine satisfaction with community resources. Dante realized that some of the questions are written inversely. He is trying to determine a way to sum participants' responses on the scale so that a higher number accurately reflects a higher degree of satisfaction with community resources. Dante should use:

Which is the best conclusion that can be drawn regarding the status of african-americans in the south in the late 1800s? a) african-americans made tremendous political, social, and economic advancements during the reconstruction era. b) passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the u.s. constitution guaranteed equal status and rights for all african-americans. c) the reconstruction policies enacted by the federal government were highly effective in african-american citizens transition to life after slavery. d) although african-americans had equal rights under federal law they were still economically, politically, and socially inferior to whites in the south during the reconstruction era.