Successful plaintiffs in malicious prosecution and wrongful civil proceedings claims are entitled to damages for harm to caused by the false claims.

answer; negative punishment;

we need an attachment to see what you are talking about.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.