As part of an experiment, Sally is asked to write an essay advocating an opinion that is opposite to her own. She is given a very small financial incentive to do this ($1) and after completing the essay, the experimenters find that her prior attitude has shifted towards the one advocated in the essay she just wrote. The opinions of other participants in the study who received a larger financial incentive ($50) for writing a counter-attitudinal essay did not show similar shifts. This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called:

Methamphetamine (meth) is an addictive drug made chiefly in small toxic labs (stls) in homes, tents, barns, or hotel rooms. the manufacturing process is dangerous and often results in explosions, burns, and toxic fumes. government entities spend time and resources to find and destroy stls, imprison meth dealers and users, treat addicts, and provide services for affected families. meth cannot be made without ingredients that are also used in cold and allergy medications. arkansas has one of the highest numbers of stls in the united states. to recoup the costs of fighting the meth epidemic, twenty counties in arkansas filed a suit against pfizer, inc., which makes cold and allergy medications. what is pfizer's ethical responsibility here, and to whom is it owed? why?