Dr. Math was interested in how children learn multiplication. Dr. Math recruited 54 second-graders who had not yet been taught how to multiply numbers to participate in a study. Dr. Math was curious as to whether different methods of instruction would lead to better mastery of the subject. Some students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. Other students watched a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. A third group of students were taught multiplication by a teacher. In all conditions, participants spent 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication with one of these three methods of instruction and were then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly was recorded and was used as a measure of multiplication ability. Dr. Math obtained the results in the table below and concluded that the math instruction type affected learning of multiplication. Textbook Video Teacher Number of problems 8 correct 10 13 1. Identify and clearly label the independent variable(s), dependent variable(s), and a control variable in this study.
2. Explain how Dr. Math's study meets the covariance rule for causality AND the temporal precedence rule for causality.
3. Write a question that you would ask to interrogate the internal validity of Dr. Math's study and explain why this questions addresses internal validity.

And whereas our provinces in north america, have been frequently ravaged by indian enemies, more especially that of south-carolina, which in the late war, by the neighboring savages, was laid waste with fire and sword and great numbers of english inhabitants, miserably massacred, and our loving subjects who now inhabit them, by reason of the smallness of their numbers, will in case of a new war, be exposed to the late calamities; inasmuch as their whole southern frontier continueth unsettled, and lieth open to the said savages. and whereas we think it highly becoming our crown and royal dignity, to protect all our loving subjects, be they ever so distant from us; to extend our fatherly compassion even to the meanest and most unfortunate of our people, and to relieve the wants of our above mentioned poor subjects; and that it will be highly conducive for accomplishing those ends, that a regular colony of the said poor people be settled and established in the southern territories of carolina."- from  charter of georgia, 1732 based on the passage, it can be determined that the main reason the king of england wishes to establish a new southern colony is becausea)he wants to provide a safe haven for all of his loyal british subject'sb)he wants to protect the fathers of each family in order to keep them safe.c)he wants to make sure there will be enough soldiers in the event of another war.d)he wants to use the new colony to protect the other colonies from attack

Which institution includes radio televisions and movies

What was included in most state constitutions that guaranteed protection of individual liberties based upon common law?