The function of the first paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole is to:
B
introduce a discussion of how knowledge of Earth's position
relative to the Sun was gained in the process of advances in
timekeeping
establish that longitude calculations are necessary to determine
time in two different places at once
orient the reader to the subject of longitude by explaining how
longitude is determined at sea.
explain the political significance of developing an accurate way of
determining longitude.
с
D

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

answer; utilitarian;

answer; revisionist;

answer; longitudinal;