When we organize patterns in order to perceive an entire stimulus rather than just its parts, we are using principle of perception.

The principle of closure states that we organize our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts ([link]). Good continuation would suggest that we are more likely to perceive this as two overlapping lines, rather than four lines meeting in the center.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

money is the anwser i think