Punishments less severe than prison but more restrictive than traditional probation are sanctions.

9) a & b

10) true.

11) false.

12) false.

13) true.

14) false.

15) true.

16) true.

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the first two-party system consisted of the federalist party, who supported the ratification of the constitution, and the democratic-republican party or the anti-administration party (anti-federalists), who opposed the powerful central government, among others, that the constitution established when it took effect in

c. reserves power to the states and people

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