Negative reinforcers the rate of operant responding, and punishments the rate of operant responding.

What are the six basic purposes of government as outlined in the preamble to the constitution?

Explain the difference between an independent and dependent sample. choose the correct answer below. a. in an independent sample, the individuals are chosen without replacement; in a dependent sample, the individuals are chosen with replacement. b. in a dependent sample, one would use a two-tailed hypothesis test; in an independent sample, one would use a one-tail hypothesis test. c. a sample is independent when an individual selected for one sample does not dictate which individual is to be in the second sample. a sample is dependent when an individual selected for one sample dictates which individual is to be in the second sample. d. a sample is independent when an individual selected for one sample dictates which individual is to be in the second sample. a sample is dependent when an individual selected for one sample does not dictate which individual is to be in the second sample. independent samples are often referred to as matched-pairs samples.

How did dynasties end and how did new ones start?